LingSync Glosses
being updated constantly, stay tuned
General Guidelines
Gloss everything--no defaults!
- This is mainly to make search easier and more intuitive. If we had, for instance, “animate” as the understood default person and only glossed inanimate morphology as such, it would be very difficult to get a datalist of all animate words. Having no default glossing means that all our glosses will be very explicit and therefore easy to search.
- This will be painful at the start, but once we have enough data in there, LingSync will autogloss and make our lives much easier! Hang in there.
- If you have an affix that affects the category of the word to which it attaches, mark the original word's category as well as that of the affix. (ie: plamu 'salmon.AN' and plamu-ei 'salmon.AN-of.IN')
- However, if you have an affix that reflects the category of the original word, do not redundantly mark both for the same animacy. (ie: plamu 'salmon.AN' and plamu-g 'salmon-AN.PL')
When in doubt, don’t parse it out!
- Try to avoid making null morphemes unless there's very, very strong evidence for them. Pass it by someone else's eyes first, too!
In general, try to be faithful to the surface form when drawing morpheme boundaries. (ie match the morpheme line to the utterance line as closely as possible)
- You can use comments to discuss phonology if you think there is a predictable process going on.
- One exception is the palatalization of 't' at morpheme boundaries. Throughout LingSync we will assume that t -> j / _-i, so it is safe to have the utterance and morpheme lines different here.
Order functional abbreviations (separated by dots) as you would say them out loud, e.g...
- AN.PL
- PRES.IND
The auto-glosser doesn't currently learn anything as allcaps, so it will guess an.pl and obv for morphemes that we would normally gloss AN.PL and OBV. This isn't a big problem for searchability, but it does impact how readable your glosses are, so when possible please correct it to the capitals.
Verbs...
- if you can identify a verb's theme sign, indicate it as being VAI, VTA, VII or VTI as appropriate
- if you cannot identify the theme sign, don't worry about it. You can include it with dots (i.e. 'cook.VTI-3'), or put it in the tags for that datum (tagged: 'VTI'), and someone can come back to it later with an analysis.
- due to the complexity of the Mi'gmaq verb, it's a good idea to run your glosses by someone else before you put them in LingSync. We may set up a forum for that soon, stay posted!
- to be continued
When glossing speech...
- a' and aij are 'uh' and 'um'
- false starts are verbatim in the utterance line, and [false.start] in the morpheme and gloss lines
New Datum Fields
Current:
- utterance
- morpheme
- gloss
- translation
Proposed:
- utteranceType: this field allows users to specify whether the Datum is a lone word such as NOUN or VERB, or a full SENTENCE or a STORYPART.
- contender for a tag as well, rather than a Datum Field.
- utteranceNumber: this field allows users to number a Datum to fit within a story, such as 1/20, 2a/20, 2b/20 etc.
- NOT contender for a tag
- conjugationType: this field allows users to specify whether a verb is of the first conjugation, second conjugation, etc. (helpful for users who are learning Mi'gmaq and want to find more straightforward patterns.)
- contender for a tag as well, rather than a Datum Field.
Tags used
Tags should generally be not the same as glossable morphemes.
Current:
- needs translation/needs glossing
- use these tags if you're unsure of the translation or gloss you've used
- preverb stacking
- when you have more than two or three preverbs on a verb
- SVO, OSV, SOV, etc.
- these tags are mostly being used in the session for Mike's word order experiment. Don't feel obliged to tag the word order of every datum you input.
Proposed:
- NPI
- Q wh
- Q yesno
- modal
Abbreviations
(following Leipzig Glossing Conventions)
| ABBREVIATION | terminology | notes |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | third person (inanimate) | |
| 1 | first person | |
| 12 | first person inclusive ('we (me & you)') | |
| 13 | first person exclusive ('we (me & another)') | |
| 2 | second person | |
| 3 | third person (proximate, i.e. 's/he') | |
| 4 | third person (obviative, i.e. 'her/his mother' | |
| ABSN | absentive | |
| ADV | adverb(ial) | |
| AN | animate | |
| ANTIP | antipassive | |
| APPL | applicative | |
| BEN | benefactive | |
| CAUS | causative | |
| CLF | classifier | |
| COMP | complementizer | |
| COMPL | completive | |
| COND | conditional | |
| CONJ | conjunct | |
| COP | copula | |
| DECL | declarative | |
| DEM | demonstrative | |
| DIR | direct | |
| DIST | distal | |
| DISTR | distributive | |
| DU | dual | |
| EMPH | emphatic | |
| EXCL | exclusive | |
| EXT.PL | extended plural | (provisional term contrasting with SG, DL, PL, to mean a number equivalent of 'multitude') |
| FOC | focus | |
| FUT | future | |
| IMP | imperative | |
| IN | inanimate | |
| INCL | inclusive | |
| IND | indicative | |
| INF | infinitive | |
| INST | instrumental | |
| INT | intonation | |
| IPFV | imperfective | |
| IMPS | impersonal | |
| IRR | irrealis | |
| LOC | locative | |
| N- | non- | |
| NEG | negation, negative | |
| NMLZ | nominalizer, nominalization | |
| OBJ | object | |
| OBL | oblique | |
| OBV | obviative | see obviation |
| PART | particle | |
| PASS | passive | |
| PFV | perfective | |
| PL | plural | |
| POSS | possessive | |
| PLP | pluperfect | |
| PRF | perfect | |
| PRES | present | |
| PROG | progressive | |
| PROH | prohibitive | |
| PROX | proximal, proximate | |
| PST | past | |
| PURP | purposive | |
| Q | question, question marker/particle | |
| QUOT | quotative | |
| RECP | reciprocal | |
| REFL | reflexive | |
| RES | resultative | |
| SBJV | subjunctive | |
| SG | singular | |
| SUBJ | subject | |
| SUBV | subordinative | |
| TOP | topic | |
| VAI | intransitive verb with animate subject) | |
| VII | intransitive verb with inanimate subject) | |
| VOC | vocative | |
| VTA | transitive verb with animate subject & animate object | |
| VTI | transitive verb with animate subject & intransitive object |