Difference between revisions of "Evidentiality"
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Evidentiality is the grammatical encoding of information source on the verb. Mi'gmaq has two markers--''-p(n)'' and ''-s((p)n)''. | Evidentiality is the grammatical encoding of information source on the verb. Mi'gmaq has two markers--''-p(n)'' and ''-s((p)n)''. | ||
− | Mi’gmaq has two clear evidential markers—the direct and indirect marker, -p(n) and -s(n), respectively. These mark source of information, whether firsthand or non-firsthand. Whenever -p(n) is used a past tense reading applies. The indirect marker is also used in the past tense and also surfaces in future tense environments (Inglis & Johnson, 2001). The direct and indirect | + | Mi’gmaq has two clear evidential markers—the direct and indirect marker, -p(n) and -s(n), respectively. These mark source of information, whether firsthand or non-firsthand. Whenever -p(n) is used a past tense reading applies. The indirect marker is also used in the past tense and also surfaces in future tense environments (Inglis & Johnson, 2001). The direct and indirect markers have two forms—-p, -pn and -s, -sn, respectively. Morphosyntactic constraints dictate, which form surfaces: the n is dropped word-finally except in embedded clauses (Loughran, 2012). |
− | markers have two forms—-p, -pn and -s, -sn, respectively. Morphosyntactic constraints dictate, which form surfaces: the n is dropped word-finally except in embedded clauses (Loughran, 2012). | ||
=Direct marker= | =Direct marker= |
Revision as of 08:19, 4 February 2014
Evidentiality is the grammatical encoding of information source on the verb. Mi'gmaq has two markers---p(n) and -s((p)n). Mi’gmaq has two clear evidential markers—the direct and indirect marker, -p(n) and -s(n), respectively. These mark source of information, whether firsthand or non-firsthand. Whenever -p(n) is used a past tense reading applies. The indirect marker is also used in the past tense and also surfaces in future tense environments (Inglis & Johnson, 2001). The direct and indirect markers have two forms—-p, -pn and -s, -sn, respectively. Morphosyntactic constraints dictate, which form surfaces: the n is dropped word-finally except in embedded clauses (Loughran, 2012).
Direct marker
The direct marker, -p(n), always conveys a past tense interpretation. This marker is used when the speaker has direct evidence or is certain of the event he or she is uttering.
↓person / number→ | SG | DU | PL | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 13 | mijjiap | mijjieg'p | mijjultieg'p |
12 | mijjigup | mijjultigup | ||
2 | mijji't'p | mijjioqop | mijjultioqop | |
3 | mijjip | mijjipnig | mijjultipnig |
Indirect marker
↓person / number→ | SG | DU | PL | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 13 | mijjiass | mijjieg's | mijjultieg's |
12 | mijjigus | mijjultigus | ||
2 | mijji's'p | mijjioqoss | mijjultioqoss | |
3 | mijjiss | mijjisp'nig | mijjultisp'nig |