Sound Length - Revision history

Erin: /* Phonetic Lengthening */

2012-12-03T22:26:03Z

Phonetic Lengthening

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:26, 3 December 2012
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	! Consonant \|\| Example \|\| Translation \|\| Length \|\| Pronunciation		! Consonant \|\| Example \|\| Translation \|\| Length \|\| Pronunciation
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| n		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| n
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| ''aqantie'umg''		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| ''aqantie'umg''
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| 'Sunday'		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| 'Sunday'
	\| short		\| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/aqantie%27umg/recording2.mp3 [aha'''n'''tiɛːwmkʰ]]		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/aqantie%27umg/recording2.mp3 [aha'''n'''tiɛːwmkʰ]]
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	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/aqantie%27umg/recording1.mp3 [aha'''nː'''tiɛːwumkʰ]]		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/aqantie%27umg/recording1.mp3 [aha'''nː'''tiɛːwumkʰ]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| l		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| l
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| ''alman''		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| ''alman''
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| 'German'		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| 'German'
	\| short		\| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/alman/recording2.mp3 [ɑ'''l'''mɑn]]		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/alman/recording2.mp3 [ɑ'''l'''mɑn]]

Erin: /* Geminates */

2012-12-03T22:25:23Z

Geminates

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:25, 3 December 2012
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	\| 'he or she follows it (inanimate) around'		\| 'he or she follows it (inanimate) around'
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| qw		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| qw
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/emtoqwatg/recording1.mp3 ''emto'''qw'''atg'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/emtoqwatg/recording1.mp3 ''emto'''qw'''atg'']

Erin: /* Geminates */

2012-12-03T22:25:01Z

Geminates

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:25, 3 December 2012
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	! Consonant \|\| Length \|\| Example \|\| Transcription \|\| Translation		! Consonant \|\| Length \|\| Example \|\| Transcription \|\| Translation
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| p		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| p
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/epa%27sit/recording1.mp3 ''e'''p'''a'sit'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/epa%27sit/recording1.mp3 ''e'''p'''a'sit'']
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	\| 'the liquid is warm'		\| 'the liquid is warm'
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| t		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| t
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/eteg/recording1.mp3 ''e'''t'''eg'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/eteg/recording1.mp3 ''e'''t'''eg'']
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	\| 'it (inanimate) is ripe'		\| 'it (inanimate) is ripe'
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| g		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| g
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/egumig/recording1.mp3 ''e'''g'''umig'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/egumig/recording1.mp3 ''e'''g'''umig'']
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	\| 'he or she has it (inanimate)'		\| 'he or she has it (inanimate)'
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| q		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| q
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/g/gaqamit/recording1.mp3 ''ga'''q'''amit'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/g/gaqamit/recording1.mp3 ''ga'''q'''amit'']
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	\| 'he or she is standing straight'		\| 'he or she is standing straight'
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| gw		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| gw
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/elugwatg/recording1.mp3 ''elu'''gw'''atg'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/elugwatg/recording1.mp3 ''elu'''gw'''atg'']
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	\| 'eclipse'		\| 'eclipse'
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| s		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| s
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/m/mesa%27latl/recording1.mp3 ''me'''s'''a'latl'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/m/mesa%27latl/recording1.mp3 ''me'''s'''a'latl'']
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	\| 'he or she misses making a connection with it (inanimate)'		\| 'he or she misses making a connection with it (inanimate)'
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| j		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| j
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/m/mijipjewei/recording1.mp3 ''mi'''j'''ipjewei'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/m/mijipjewei/recording1.mp3 ''mi'''j'''ipjewei'']
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	\| 'he or she eats'		\| 'he or she eats'
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| m		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| m
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/t/tm%27tqe%27gnn/recording1.mp3 ''t'''m''' 'tqe'gnn'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/t/tm%27tqe%27gnn/recording1.mp3 ''t'''m''' 'tqe'gnn'']
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	\| 'cucumber'		\| 'cucumber'
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| n		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| n
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/epgenatl/recording1.mp3 ''epge'''n'''atl'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/epgenatl/recording1.mp3 ''epge'''n'''atl'']
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	\| 'he or she holds him or her ([[Obviation\|obviative]])		\| 'he or she holds him or her ([[Obviation\|obviative]])
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| l		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| l
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/m/miluisit/recording1.mp3 ''mi'''l'''uisit'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/m/miluisit/recording1.mp3 ''mi'''l'''uisit'']
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	\| 'he or she does different kinds of work'		\| 'he or she does different kinds of work'
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| w		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| w
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/g/gesigawewo%27gwet/recording1.mp3 ''gesiga'''w'''ewo'gwet'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/g/gesigawewo%27gwet/recording1.mp3 ''gesiga'''w'''ewo'gwet'']

Erin: /* Vowels */

2012-12-03T22:24:03Z

Vowels

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:24, 3 December 2012
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	\| 'net'		\| 'net'
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| e		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| e
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/epit/recording1.mp3 '''''e'''pit'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/epit/recording1.mp3 '''''e'''pit'']
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	\| 'woman'		\| 'woman'
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| i		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| i
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/i/iga%27t/recording1.mp3 '''''i'''ga't'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/i/iga%27t/recording1.mp3 '''''i'''ga't'']
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	\| 'he or she builds a house'		\| 'he or she builds a house'
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| o		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| o
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/o/oqwa%27q/recording1.mp3 '''''o'''qwa'q'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/o/oqwa%27q/recording1.mp3 '''''o'''qwa'q'']
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	\| 'he or she takes it (inanimate) to higher ground/level'		\| 'he or she takes it (inanimate) to higher ground/level'
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| u		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| u
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/s/sune%27wit/recording1.mp3 ''s'''u'''ne'wit'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/s/sune%27wit/recording1.mp3 ''s'''u'''ne'wit'']

Erin: /* Vowels */

2012-12-03T22:23:41Z

Vowels

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:23, 3 December 2012
Line 17:		Line 17:
	! Vowel \|\| Length \|\| Example \|\| Transcription \|\| Translation		! Vowel \|\| Length \|\| Example \|\| Transcription \|\| Translation
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2",align="center" \| a		\| rowspan="2" align="center" \| a
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/apaqt/recording1.mp3 '''''a'''paqt'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/apaqt/recording1.mp3 '''''a'''paqt'']

Erin: /* Vowels */

2012-12-03T22:22:04Z

Vowels

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:22, 3 December 2012
Line 17:		Line 17:
	! Vowel \|\| Length \|\| Example \|\| Transcription \|\| Translation		! Vowel \|\| Length \|\| Example \|\| Transcription \|\| Translation
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2", align="center" \| a		\| rowspan="2",align="center" \| a
	\| align="center" \| short		\| align="center" \| short
	\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/apaqt/recording1.mp3 '''''a'''paqt'']		\| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/apaqt/recording1.mp3 '''''a'''paqt'']

Erin: Created page with "Unlike English or French, Mi'gmaq regularly allows a difference in '''length''' of a sound to be meaningful. For example, the word ''wigatign'', 'bo..."

2012-12-03T22:21:27Z

Created page with "Unlike English or French, Mi'gmaq regularly allows a difference in '''length''' of a sound to be meaningful. For example, the word ''wigatign'', 'bo..."

New page

Unlike [[Pronunciation Differences|English]] or French, Mi'gmaq regularly allows a difference in '''length''' of a sound to be meaningful. For example, the word ''wigatign'', 'book', means something different than ''wigatignn'', 'books', where the only difference is in the length of the ''n''. Similarly, lengthened vowels can also lead to a difference in meaning: the sentence ''epit e'pit'', 'the woman is sitting', is a good example.

The treatment of such long sounds within the '''phonology''', or sound system, of Mi'gmaq is discussed below. A basic understanding of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipa International Phonetic Alphabet], or IPA, may be helpful when reading these pages, although the [[Spelling|Listuguj orthography]] will be used where possible.

=Vowels=

''Main page: [[Vowels]]''

Of the six short vowels in Mi'gmaq, five of these (''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''o'', and ''u'') have a lengthened counterpart (written with an apostrophe after the vowel). The only vowel that is ''not'' able to be lengthened is [[schwa]] ([ə]).

These long vowels are considered to be separate [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme phonemes] of Mi'gmaq because use of one (say, ''e''') in place of another (''e'') can lead to a difference in meaning. For example, ''epit'', 'he or she is sitting', means something different from ''e'pit'', 'woman'. Furthermore, they occupy the same position within a [[Syllables|syllable]] as their short counterparts.

A table demonstrating the length differences is given below (all words taken from the [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/ Mi'gmaq Talking Dictionary]):

{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Vowel || Length || Example || Transcription || Translation
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | a
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/apaqt/recording1.mp3 '''''a'''paqt'']
| ['''ɑ'''bɑqtʰ]
| 'sea'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/a%27pi/recording1.mp3 '''''a''''pi'']
| ['''ɑː'''bi]
| 'net'
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | e
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/epit/recording1.mp3 '''''e'''pit'']
| ['''ɛ'''bitʰ]
| 'he or she is sitting'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/e%27pit/recording1.mp3 '''''e''''pit'']
| ['''ɛː'''bitʰ]
| 'woman'
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | i
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/i/iga%27t/recording1.mp3 '''''i'''ga't'']
| ['''i'''gɑːt]
| 'he or she arrives'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/ewi%27gat/recording1.mp3 ''ew'''i''''gat'']
| [ɛw'''iː'''gɑtʰ]
| 'he or she builds a house'
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | o
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/o/oqwa%27q/recording1.mp3 '''''o'''qwa'q'']
| ['''o'''χwɑːχ]
| 'it ([[Animacy|inanimate]]) arrives'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/s/so%27qwa%27toq/recording1.mp3 ''s'''o''''qwa'toq'']
| [s'''oː'''χwɑːdɔq͡χ]
| 'he or she takes it (inanimate) to higher ground/level'
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | u
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/s/sune%27wit/recording1.mp3 ''s'''u'''ne'wit'']
| [s'''uː'''neːwitʰ]
| 'he or she is fasting'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/s/su%27n/recording1.mp3 ''s'''u''''n'']
| [s'''uː'''n]
| 'cranberry'
|}

=Consonants=

Unlike vowels, [[consonants]] are not always phonemically long or short (that is, ''n'' and ''nː'' are not ''always'' different phonemes of the language) - even though a difference in meaning may sometimes be indicated by lengthening a consonant. When a consonant of Mi'gmaq is lengthened ''and'' leads to a difference in meaning, it is called a '''geminate'''. Mi'gmaq also has a subset of consonants that may become lengthened but fail to bring about a difference in meaning. This is known as '''phonetic lengthening'''. Both of these processes are described in more detail below.

==Geminates==

When lengthening a consonant leads to a ''difference in meaning'', this consonant is known as a '''geminate'''. Usually, when this happens, it will be accompanied by a difference in spelling - thus ''wigatig'''n''''', 'book', is different from ''wigatig'''nn''''', 'books', where a geminate is indicated by doubling the consonant itself.

Most geminates occur within a word (although they can occasionally appear at the ends of words as well). They are always split up into '''two syllables''' when within a word - so the long ''t'' in ''etteg'', 'it (inanimate) is ripe', is split up in this way: ''e'''t.t'''eg''. This means that a geminate will ''always'' appear between two '''vowels''' if it is not at the end of a word - if it does not, it is not a true geminate and is instead an example of [[Sound_Length#Phonetic_Lengthening|phonetic lengthening]].

All of the consonants of Mi'gmaq are able to be geminates, as shown in the table below:

{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Consonant || Length || Example || Transcription || Translation
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | p
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/epa%27sit/recording1.mp3 ''e'''p'''a'sit'']
| [ɛ'''p'''ɑːzitʰ]
| 'he or she sits down'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/eppa%27q/recording1.mp3 ''e'''pp'''a'q'']
| [ɛ'''pp'''ɑːχ]
| 'the liquid is warm'
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | t
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/eteg/recording1.mp3 ''e'''t'''eg'']
| [ɛ'''d'''ɛkʰ]
| 'it (inanimate) is (there)'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/etteg/recording1.mp3 ''e'''tt'''eg'']
| [ɛ'''tt'''ɛkʰ]
| 'it (inanimate) is ripe'
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | g
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/egumig/recording1.mp3 ''e'''g'''umig'']
| [ɛ'''g'''umikʰ]
| 'it (inanimate) is anchored'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/g/geggung/recording1.mp3 ''ge'''gg'''ung'']
| [kɛ'''kk'''uŋkʰ]
| 'he or she has it (inanimate)'
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | q
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/g/gaqamit/recording1.mp3 ''ga'''q'''amit'']
| [kɑ'''χ'''ɑmitʰ]
| 'he or she is standing'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/t/tetpaqqamit/recording1.mp3 ''tetpa'''qq'''amit'']
| [tɛtpa''χχ''ɑmitʰ]
| 'he or she is standing straight'
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | gw
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/elugwatg/recording1.mp3 ''elu'''gw'''atg'']
| [ɛlu'''gw'''atkʰ]
| 'he or she repairs it (inanimate)'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/aluggwatg/recording1.mp3 ''alu'''ggw'''atg'']
| [alu'''kkw'''ɑtkʰ]
| 'he or she follows it (inanimate) around'
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | qw
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/emtoqwatg/recording1.mp3 ''emto'''qw'''atg'']
| [ɛmto'''qw'''atkʰ]
| 'he or she worships it (inanimate)'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/s/soqqwat/recording1.mp3 ''so'''qqw'''at'']
| [so'''qqw'''atʰ]
| 'eclipse'
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | s
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/m/mesa%27latl/recording1.mp3 ''me'''s'''a'latl'']
| [mɛ'''z'''aːladl̩]
| 'he or she swallows it (animate)'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/m/messa%27toq/recording1.mp3 ''me'''ss'''a'toq'']
| [mɛ'''ss'''ɑːdɔqʷʰ]
| 'he or she misses making a connection with it (inanimate)'
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | j
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/m/mijipjewei/recording1.mp3 ''mi'''j'''ipjewei'']
| [mi'''d͡ʒ'''ipd͡ʒɛwej]
| 'food'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/m/mijjit/recording1.mp3 ''mi'''jj'''it'']
| [mi'''tt͡ʃ'''itʰ]
| 'he or she eats'
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | m
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/t/tm%27tqe%27gnn/recording1.mp3 ''t'''m''' 'tqe'gnn'']
| [d'''m̩'''ətqɛːgn̩n]
| 'scissors'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/esg%27tmm%27gewei/recording1.mp3 ''esg't'''mm''' 'gewei'']
| [ɛsgəd'''m̩m'''əgewej]
| 'cucumber'
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | n
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/e/epgenatl/recording1.mp3 ''epge'''n'''atl'']
| [ɛpkɛ'''n'''ɑtl̩]
| 'he or she fertilizes it (animate)'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/g/gennatl/recording1.mp3 ''ge'''nn'''atl'']
| [kɛ'''nn'''atl̩]
| 'he or she holds him or her ([[Obviation|obviative]])
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | l
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/m/miluisit/recording1.mp3 ''mi'''l'''uisit'']
| [mi'''l'''uwizitʰ]
| 'he or she has different names''
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/m/millugwet/recording1.mp3 ''mi'''ll'''ugwet'']
| [mi'''ll'''ugwɛtʰ]
| 'he or she does different kinds of work'
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | w
| align="center" | short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/g/gesigawewo%27gwet/recording1.mp3 ''gesiga'''w'''ewo'gwet'']
| [kɛzigɑ'''w'''ɛwoːgwɛtʰ]
| 'he or she speaks loudly and quickly'
|-
| align="center" | long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/g/gesigawwet/recording1.mp3 ''gesiga'''ww'''et'']
| [kɛzigɑ'''ww'''ɛtʰ]
| 'he or she talks loud'
|}

'''Note''': the [[W and I|glide]] [j] (written ''i'') does not appear in this table since it is never written as ''ii'', but could possibly be written as an ''i'' after a long vowel. It is unclear in these situations, however, whether it is the vowel that is lengthened or the glide.

==Phonetic Lengthening==

There are some sounds in Mi'gmaq that are lengthened but do ''not'' lead to a difference in meaning between words. This is often termed '''phonetic lengthening''' and is not often reflected by a difference in spelling (although some researchers, like Fidelholz, have transcribed it with an apostrophe ('), much like vowel lengthening. This apostrophe may occasionally show up in the Listuguj spelling system, as in ''alman'tiew'', 'someone from overseas, pronounced [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/alman%27tiew/recording1.mp3 [alma'''nː'''tiɛw]]).

Phonetic lengthening only appears to occur with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonorant sonorant] consonants ''m'', ''n'', and ''l'', and is optional - it does not have to appear on any word. Some examples are given below (note that ''m'' does not appear in this table, as there no audio for lengthened forms has yet been found):

{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Consonant || Example || Translation || Length || Pronunciation
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | n
| rowspan="2", align="center" | ''aqantie'umg''
| rowspan="2", align="center" | 'Sunday'
| short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/aqantie%27umg/recording2.mp3 [aha'''n'''tiɛːwmkʰ]]
|-
| long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/aqantie%27umg/recording1.mp3 [aha'''nː'''tiɛːwumkʰ]]
|-
| rowspan="2", align="center" | l
| rowspan="2", align="center" | ''alman''
| rowspan="2", align="center" | 'German'
| short
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/alman/recording2.mp3 [ɑ'''l'''mɑn]]
|-
| long
| [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/words-mp3/media/a/alman/recording3.mp3 [ɑ'''lː'''mɑn]]
|}

Phonetic lengthening, unlike [[Sound_Length#Geminates|gemination]], occurs next to other '''consonants''', and never occurs between vowels. It is as of yet unclear what triggers this lengthening.

=References=
* Fidelholz, James Lawrence (1963). ''Micmac Morphophonemics''. PhD. Dissertation, Massechusetts Institute of Technology
* [http://www.mikmaqonline.org/ Mi'gmaq Talking Dictionary]