Preverbs - Revision history

Gretchen: /* Unattached Preverbs? */

2012-10-22T07:05:27Z

Unattached Preverbs?

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:05, 22 October 2012
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	<gl>		<gl>
	\gll *nata-mu-wissugwa-t-m-u-ap		\gll *nata-mu-wissugwa-t-m-u-ap
	know.how not cook-inan-1sg-neg-past\\		know.how-not-cook-inan-1sg-neg-past\\
	\trans (intended) I couldn't cook it (don't know how).		\trans (intended) I couldn't cook it (don't know how).
	</gl>		</gl>
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	<gl>		<gl>
	\gll mu nata-wissugwa-t-m-u-ap		\gll mu nata-wissugwa-t-m-u-ap
	mu know.how cook-inan-1sg-neg-past\\		mu know.how-cook-inan-1sg-neg-past\\
	\trans I couldn't cook it (don't know how).		\trans I couldn't cook it (don't know how).
	</gl>		</gl>

Gretchen: /* Independent Verbs */

2012-10-22T07:04:47Z

Independent Verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:04, 22 October 2012
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	<gl>		<gl>
	\gll etl-wissugwa-t-m-ap		\gll etl-wissugwa-t-m-ap
	process cook-inan-1sg-pa\\		process-cook-inan-1sg-pa\\
	\trans I was cooking it		\trans I was cooking it
	</gl>		</gl>

Gretchen: /* Several Preverbs at Once */

2012-10-21T07:24:37Z

Several Preverbs at Once

@@ Line 186: / Line 186: @@
 ===Several Orders===
 <gl>
-\gll
+\gll me'si-poqji-lugwe-t
-\\
+fail-start-work-3an\\
-\trans
+\trans s/he has difficulty starting to work
 </gl>

Gretchen: /* Slots */

2012-10-21T07:11:38Z

Slots

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:11, 21 October 2012
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	===Slots===		===Slots===

	~~Tentative~~ slots		One way of showing which orders of preverbs are grammatical is to classify them by their common positions into groups or "slots". The table below is a preliminary attempt to do this.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	</gl>		</gl>

			Other orders of these preverbs, such as those below, are not possible:

	<gl>		<gl>
	\gll		\gll *newti-poqju-etl-wissugwatman
	\\		alone(2)-start(5)-process(7)-cook.1sg.3pl\\
	\trans		\trans I am in the process of beginning to cook them by myself
			</gl>

			<gl>
			\gll *poqju-newti-etl-wissugwatman
			start(5)-alone(2)-process(7)-cook.1sg.3pl\\
			\trans I am in the process of beginning to cook them by myself
	</gl>		</gl>

			However, these slots should be viewed as general guidelines, not as hard-and-fast rules, because there are also exceptions to them.

	===Several Orders===		===Several Orders===

Gretchen: /* Several Preverbs at Once */

2012-10-21T05:42:34Z

Several Preverbs at Once

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:42, 21 October 2012
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	==Several Preverbs at Once==		==Several Preverbs at Once==

			It is quite common to have several preverbs all attached to the same verb stem. However, not all combinations of preverbs sound natural. It's not quite clear yet exactly what makes certain combinations okay and others not okay, but below are some general guidelines.

	===Slots===		===Slots===
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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	! Position\|\|7\|\|6\|\|5\|\|4\|\|3\|\|2\|\|1~~\|\|Verb~~		! Position\|\|7\|\|6\|\|5\|\|4\|\|3\|\|2\|\|1
	\|-		\|-
	\| Category		\| Category
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	\| quantity		\| quantity
	\| direction, state		\| direction, state
	~~\| VERB~~
	\|-		\|-
	\| Sample preverb		\| Sample preverb
	\| etl-		\| etl-, gi's-, i-
	\| ~~mesi~~-		\| getu-, me'si-, gisi-, nata-
	\| poqji-		\| poqji-, gaqi
	\| minu-		\| minu-, siew-
	\| gimi-		\| gimi-, jaqal-, gesigew-, gaqisg-
	\| newti-		\| newti-, aqat-, toqi-
	\| al-, wel-		\| al-, wel-
	~~\| asit~~
	\|-		\|-
	\| Gloss		\| Gloss
	\| process		\| process, already, used to
	\| ~~difficulty~~		\| want, fail, can (able), can (know how)
	\| start		\| start, finish
	\| again, re-		\| again/re-, continuous
	\| secretively		\| secretively, quickly, loudly, often
	\| alone		\| alone, half, two
	\| around, good		\| around, good
	~~\| go.3sg~~
	\|}		\|}


	~~====What this template describes====~~

	We can use the template as a guide for combining preverbs if we know what their positions are. For example, let's say we have the three preverbs ''etl-'' "in the process of" (position 7), ''poqju-'' "start" (position 5), and ''newti-'' "alone" (position 2), plus the verb ''wissugwatman'' "I cook them." We know that the verb is going to be the furthest to the right (position 0). We then add preverbs to it in order from the lowest position to the highest, so that the highest number preverb is leftmost one, and the lowest number is the rightmost, just before the verb. This correct ordering is shown in the example below, with the preverb positions indicated for clarity.		We can use the template as a guide for combining preverbs if we know what their positions are. For example, let's say we have the three preverbs ''etl-'' "in the process of" (position 7), ''poqju-'' "start" (position 5), and ''newti-'' "alone" (position 2), plus the verb ''wissugwatman'' "I cook them." We know that the verb is going to be the furthest to the right (position 0). We then add preverbs to it in order from the lowest position to the highest, so that the highest number preverb is leftmost one, and the lowest number is the rightmost, just before the verb. This correct ordering is shown in the example below, with the preverb positions indicated for clarity.
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	\trans		\trans
	</gl>		</gl>


	==Big (but incomplete!) List of Preverbs==		==Big (but incomplete!) List of Preverbs==

Gretchen: /* Big List of All Preverbs */

2012-10-21T05:13:16Z

Big List of All Preverbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:13, 21 October 2012
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	==Big (but incomplete!) List of Preverbs==		==Big (but incomplete!) List of Preverbs==

	~~=Big List of All Preverbs=~~

	The following is a list of all the preverbs found to date.		The following is a list of all the preverbs found to date.

Gretchen: /* Unattached Preverbs? */

2012-10-21T05:12:52Z

Unattached Preverbs?

@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 ===Unattached Preverbs?===
-esteti/nata.
+Sometimes it can be hard to tell whether something that looks like it might be a preverb is really attaching to the verb or whether it's actually just a modifier that goes before the verb but is not attached to it. One way of telling this is that people who are fluent speakers and writers often seem to write preverbs without a space before the rest of the verb, while modifiers will have a space. However, individual speakers may have different preferences here, so another good way of figuring this out is seeing where it's possible to place ''mu'' "not".
 <gl>
@@ Line 95: / Line 119: @@
 \trans I had to not cook it
 </gl>
 ==Several Preverbs at Once==

Gretchen: /* Dependent Verbs */

2012-10-20T07:48:32Z

Dependent Verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:48, 20 October 2012
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	===Dependent Verbs===		===Dependent Verbs===

	Dependent verbs, like ''-lugwe-'' "work, do", '-'enmi-'' "laugh", and ''-'' "cry" can only be found with a preverb (they don't sound right without one).		Dependent verbs, like ''-lugwe-'' "work, do", ''-enmi-'' "laugh", and ''-'' "cry" can only be found with a preverb (they don't sound right without one). For example:

	<gl>		<gl>

Gretchen: /* Big (but incomplete!) List of Preverbs */

2012-10-19T18:22:40Z

Big (but incomplete!) List of Preverbs

Show changes

Gretchen: /* Slots */

2012-10-19T18:19:16Z

Slots

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:19, 19 October 2012
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	\| go.3sg		\| go.3sg
	\|}		\|}


			====What this template describes====

			We can use the template as a guide for combining preverbs if we know what their positions are. For example, let's say we have the three preverbs ''etl-'' "in the process of" (position 7), ''poqju-'' "start" (position 5), and ''newti-'' "alone" (position 2), plus the verb ''wissugwatman'' "I cook them." We know that the verb is going to be the furthest to the right (position 0). We then add preverbs to it in order from the lowest position to the highest, so that the highest number preverb is leftmost one, and the lowest number is the rightmost, just before the verb. This correct ordering is shown in the example below, with the preverb positions indicated for clarity.

			<gl>
			\gll etl-poqju-newti-wissugwatman
			process(7)-start(5)-alone(2)-cook.1sg.3pl\\
			\trans I am in the process of beginning to cook them by myself
			</gl>