Difference between revisions of "Preverbs"
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(Created page with "A preverb is an element found at the left edge of a verb in Mi'gmaq that modifies the meaning of the root and any other preverbs to the right of it. Some of the meanings that are...") |
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| − | A preverb is an element found at the left edge of a verb in Mi'gmaq that modifies the meaning of the root and any other preverbs to the right of it. Some of the meanings that are expressed in Mi'gmaq using preverbs are expressed in other languages such as English as adverbs (e.g. ''jaqal-'' "quickly, energetically"), prepositions (e.g. ''toqjuw-'' "up"), modal verbs (e.g. ''getu-'' "want (to)"), prefixes (e.g. ''minu-'' "re-"), other verbs (e.g. ''poqju-'' "begin (to)"), and other expressions (e.g. ''etl-'' "in the process of, be __ing"), although not all elements that belong to one of these categories in English are expressed as preverbs in Mi'gmaq, such as ''igtug'' "at, near (location)," which is found after nouns, not before verbs. | + | A preverb is an element found at the left edge of a verb in Mi'gmaq that modifies the meaning of the root and any other preverbs to the right of it. Some of the meanings that are expressed in Mi'gmaq using preverbs are expressed in other languages such as English as adverbs (e.g. ''jaqal-'' "quickly, energetically"), prepositions (e.g. ''toqjuw-'' "up"), modal verbs (e.g. ''getu-'' "want (to)"), prefixes (e.g. ''minu-'' "re-"), other verbs (e.g. ''poqju-'' "begin (to)"), and other expressions (e.g. ''etl-'' "in the process of, be __ing"), although not all elements that belong to one of these categories in English are expressed as preverbs in Mi'gmaq, such as ''igtug'' "at, near (location)," which is found after nouns, not before verbs. Delisle and Metallic (1976) suggest that there are several hundred preverbs: some examples are below. |
<gl> | <gl> | ||
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\gll newti-wissugwatma-p | \gll newti-wissugwatma-p | ||
one-cook.3sg.anim.3sg.inan-past\\ | one-cook.3sg.anim.3sg.inan-past\\ | ||
| − | \trans s/he cooks it alone | + | \trans s/he cooks it alone |
</gl> | </gl> | ||
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(sample context: said of an enthusiastic student of Mi'gmaq) | (sample context: said of an enthusiastic student of Mi'gmaq) | ||
</gl> | </gl> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==What Can Preverbs Attach To?== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Independent Verbs=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | <gl> | ||
| + | \gll | ||
| + | \\ | ||
| + | \trans | ||
| + | </gl> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Dependent Verbs=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | <gl> | ||
| + | \gll | ||
| + | \\ | ||
| + | \trans | ||
| + | </gl> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Unattached Preverbs?=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Several Preverbs at Once== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Slots=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | <gl> | ||
| + | \gll | ||
| + | \\ | ||
| + | \trans | ||
| + | </gl> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Several Orders=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | <gl> | ||
| + | \gll | ||
| + | \\ | ||
| + | \trans | ||
| + | </gl> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==Big (but incomplete!) List of Preverbs== | ||
Revision as of 11:31, 19 October 2012
A preverb is an element found at the left edge of a verb in Mi'gmaq that modifies the meaning of the root and any other preverbs to the right of it. Some of the meanings that are expressed in Mi'gmaq using preverbs are expressed in other languages such as English as adverbs (e.g. jaqal- "quickly, energetically"), prepositions (e.g. toqjuw- "up"), modal verbs (e.g. getu- "want (to)"), prefixes (e.g. minu- "re-"), other verbs (e.g. poqju- "begin (to)"), and other expressions (e.g. etl- "in the process of, be __ing"), although not all elements that belong to one of these categories in English are expressed as preverbs in Mi'gmaq, such as igtug "at, near (location)," which is found after nouns, not before verbs. Delisle and Metallic (1976) suggest that there are several hundred preverbs: some examples are below.
poqju-wissugwatma-p begin-cook.3sg.anim.3sg.inan-past
's/he is beginning to cook it '
newti-wissugwatma-p one-cook.3sg.anim.3sg.inan-past
's/he cooks it alone '
getu- poqju- mamuni- espi- inn-ui- sit want- start- high,very- level- people-lang -3sg
's/he wants to start to speak the people's language (Mi'gmaq) at a very high level'
(sample context: said of an enthusiastic student of Mi'gmaq)
What Can Preverbs Attach To?
Independent Verbs
\gll
\trans
Dependent Verbs
\gll
\trans
Unattached Preverbs?
Several Preverbs at Once
Slots
\gll
\trans
Several Orders
\gll
\trans